Diagnostic value of serum levels of interleukin-9,interleukin-18 and interleukin-32 in patients with multiple myeloma

Objective To explore the serum expressions of interleukin-9(IL-9),interleukin-18(IL-18) and interleukin-32(IL-32) in patients with multiple myeloma(MM) and examine their values in predicting renal injury.Methods Seventy-eight MM patients from January 2015 to December 2019 were divided into phase I(n=15),phase II(n=26) and phase III(n=37) according to the International Staging System.Based upon renal function,they were divided into renal injury group(n=28) and renal non-injury group(n=50).Another 50 normal subjects in the same period were selected as control group.The serum levels of IL-9,IL-18,IL-32 and β₂-microglobulin(β₂-MG) were detected in each group.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve was utilized for examining the values of serum levels of IL-9,IL-18,IL-32 and β₂-MG in the diagnosis of renal injury.Pearson's correlation analysis was utilized for examining the correlation between serum levels of IL-9,IL-18,IL-32 and β₂-MG.Results The serum levels of IL-9(63.15±18.36) ng/L vs (22.78±7.15) ng/L,IL-18(580.64±70.35) ng/L vs (174.30±26.82) ng/L,IL-32(817.62±112.36) ng/L vs (260.85±34.70) ng/Land β₂-MG(6.50±2.52) mg/L vs (1.66±0.58) mg/Lwere significantly higher in MM group than those in control group(P<0.001).With the advancing of ISS stage,the serum levels of IL-9,IL-18,IL-32 and β₂-MG spiked in MM patients(P<0.001).The serum levels of IL-9(91.26±19.42) ng/L vs (45.30±14.20) ng/L,IL-18(812.46±95.2) ng/L vs (407.28±53.60) ng/L,IL-32(1130.85±154.70) ng/L vs (604.20±71.38) ng/Land β₂-MG(10.18±4.75) mg/L vs (3.15±1.06) mg/Lwere significantly higher in renal injury group than those in renal non-injury group(P<0.001).ROC curve analysis revealed that the area under the curve(0.963,95%CI:0.905-0.997) of IL-9,IL-18,IL-32 and β₂-MG combined diagnosis of renal injury in MM was the largest and its sensitivity and specificity were 98.6% and 81.2%.Correlation analysis showed that serum levels of IL-9,IL-18,IL-32 and β₂-MG were positively correlated in MM patients(P<0.001).Conclusion The serum levels of IL-9,IL-18 and IL-32 are significantly elevated in MM patients.Correlated with disease stage and renal injury,combine detection of β₂-MG has an excellent value in the diagnosis of renal injury in MM patients.