Inflammatory bowel disease and proteinuria

Inflammatory bowel disease is chronic recurrent inflammatory gastrointestinal tract illness，including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Few patients develop renal damage and proteinuria. Tumor necrosis factor alpha from intestinal mucosa induces microvascular endothelial dysfunction by changing the structure and function of endothelium. Also it played a key role in the formation of proteinuria. This review attempted to explore the relationship between inflammatory bowel disease and proteinuria from the perspectives of intestinal mucosal immune disorder and gut-renal connection at the levels of gene，microorganism and diet. Proteinuria may become a simple and non-invasive marker of inflammatory bowel disease activity. Finally the latest developments of targeted therapeutic agents based upon intestinal mucosal immunity and fecal bacteria transplantation were summarized for managing proteinuria.