Research advances and current challenges of kidney organoid

Kidney disease has become an increasingly serious public health hazard in the world. It is imperative to develop effective treatments for various kidney related diseases. In recent years,kidney organoid as proposed by researchers is an important tool for studying normal and pathological nephrorelated diseases. It may be applied for disease model construction,therapeutic drug screening,drug nephrotoxicity detectio,and even human kidney transplantation in the future. This review summarized the latest developments of mammalian embryonic kidney,kidney organoid construction,clinical applications and current challenges.