Research advances of shrunken pore syndrome

As a pathophysiologic state in the absence of extrarenal influences on cystatin C or creatinine concentration，shrunken pore syndrome （SPS） occurs when estimated glomerular filtration rate （eGFR） based upon plasma cystatin C becomes significantly lower than its counterpart based upon creatinine.Studies have demonstrated that SPS patients have a poor prognosis and carry a high risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.A potential mechanism of SPS is associated with a reduction of pore size of glomerular filtration membrane and a lower glomerular filtration of molecules 5~30，000.Corresponding treatment is thus proposed based upon the conjecture.This review summarized the latest researches in pathophysiological mechanism，diagnosis&treatment and clinical outcomes of SPS.It was intended to enhance its clinical awareness and boost the capability of its early identification.