Blood pressure measurement techniques,diagnosis and treatment of patients with chronic kidney disease with hypertension

Hypertension is a global public health problem as well as the leading factor of the global burden of disease.Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common cause and complication of hypertension.They interact with each other,thus increasing the risk of cardiovascular and cardiac cerebrovascular events.Standardized blood pressure measurement is crucial for the diagnosis and management of CKD with hypertension.Office blood pressure is the gold standard for diagnosis of CKD with hypertension.With the development of science and technology,home blood pressure and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring are becoming more common.Moreover,considering the high incidence of atherosclerosis and endothelial dysfunction in CKD,central arterial pressure has become more routine.In terms of management and treatment for CKD patients with hypertension,beside choosing appropriate drugs according to the patients' condition and enhancing night-time blood pressure control,changes of life style such as dietary salt restriction should not be neglected.This article reviews various blood pressure measurement techniques,standards and management and treatment advices,which are applicable for CKD patients.