Interpretation of “Kidney Disease in the Setting of HIV Infection: Conclusions from a KDIGO Controversies Conference”

HIV-positive individuals are at increased risk of kidney disease. Following the shift of HIV treatment model, the spectrum of kidney diseases in the setting of HIV infection has extended from the classic HIV-associated nephropathy to immune complex nephropathy, and renal injury due to long-term antiretroviral therapy or opportunistic infection. Current guidelines for prevention and treatment of HIV-positive patients with kidney disease are based primarily on general population studies and do not fully incorporate existing knowledge of unique HIV pathways and genetic factors.KDIGO convened an international panel of experts in nephrology, renal pathology and infectious diseases to preliminarily determine the pathology of renal disease in the setting of HIV infection, to describe the role of genetics in the course, diagnosis and treatment of nephropathy in HIV-positive patients, to characterize the renal risk/benefit of antiretroviral therapy for the HIV prevention and treatment; to define the best practices for the prevention and management of kidney disease in HIV-positive patients.The comprehensive content of this conference was introduced here.