Abstract: Objective To explore the incidence and risk factors of acute kidney injury (AKI) and examine the risk factors for in-hospital mortality in patients with viral pneumonia.Methods Between January 2014 and December 2019, retrospective analysis was performed for 388 patients with viral pneumonia.Binary Logistic regression was employed for analyzing the risk factors for AKI.And Cox regression analysis was performed for determining the variables influencing in-hospital mortality.Results Among them, AKI occurred (n=32, 8.2%).Logistic regression analysis revealed that the risk factors of AKI included male (OR=3.59, 95%CI 1.20-10.75, P=0.022), respiratory failure during admission (OR=3.80, 95%CI 1.40-10.28, P<0.001), hypertension (OR=3.29, 95%CI 1.18-9.16, P=0.023), diabetes mellitus (OR=2.92, 95%CI 1.01-8.45, P=0.048), leucocyte count (OR=1.14, 95%CI 1.03-1.26, P=0.013), C-reactive protein (OR=1.02, 95%CI 1.01-1.02, P=0.001) and hemoglobin (OR=0.97, 95%CI 0.95-0.99, P=0.015).Cox regression analysis indicated that the risk factors of in-hospital mortality included age (HR=1.07, 95%CI 1.02-1.11, P=0.003), diabetes mellitus (HR=3.52, 95%CI 1.14-10.82, P=0.028), C-reactive protein (HR=1.01, 95%CI 1.01-1.02, P<0.001) and AKI (HR=4.1, 95%CI 1.28-13.2, P=0.018).AKI was an important independent risk factor for in-hospital death.Conclusion AKI is common in patients with viral pneumonia and mortality rate remains high among this population.AKI is an independent risk factor for in-hospital death.