病毒感染相关的肾损伤

夏子茹; 王伟铭

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1671-2390.y20-137

病毒感染相关的肾损伤

Virus infections associated kidney injury

摘要

摘要: 病毒感染在人类中普遍存在，可能通过多种机制导致不同程度的肾脏损伤，并且与患者的预后息息相关。近期在世界范围内流行的新型冠状病毒肺炎（coronavirus disease 2019，COVID-19），可能通过包括细胞因子炎症风暴内的多种机制引发患者急性肾损伤。常见的乙型、丙型肝炎病毒和人类免疫缺陷病毒（human immunodeficiency virus，HIV）等慢性病毒感染是人类慢性肾脏病的重要病因。值得注意的是，每种病毒感染相关的肾脏疾病都有其独特的临床表型和病理特点，临床治疗时需要依据具体情况采取不同的方案，本文将从病因、病理、临床表现和治疗等方面总结并简述常见病毒相关的肾脏损伤。

Abstract: Viral infections are prevalent in humans and cause varying degrees of kidney damage through multiple mechanisms.It is closely correlated with the prognosis of patients.For example,recent pandemic of new Coronavirus Disease 2019(COVID-19) may cause acute kidney injury(AKI) through cytokine inflammation storm.Other examples are hepatitis B/C virus and human immunodeficiency virus(HIV).Long-term infections are important causes of human chronic kidney disease(CKD).It is worth noting that each kidney disease associated with viral infection has its own unique clinical manifestations and pathological characteristics.Clinical treatments should be customized according to specific circumstances.This review focused upon etiology,pathology,clinical manifestations and treatments of common virus-related kidney damage.

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