Abstract: Objective To explore the effect of inflow arterial calcification on maturation and blood flow volume of arteriovenous fistula（AVF）.Methods From January 2017 to December 2018，85 patients undergoing AVF creation were selected.Clinical data and laboratory parameters were recorded and then surgical approache sselected.Preoperative vascular Doppler ultrasonography was performed for detecting vascular diameter and blood flow volume of cephalic vein and brachial/radial artery.According to the status of vascular calcification，they were divided into two groups of calcified （n=38） and non-calcified （n=47）.At Week 6/12 after AVF creation，ultrasonography was performed for comparing maturation and blood flow volume between two groups.Results No significant inter-group differences existed in age，gender，primary disease，hemodialysis ratio，smoking history，diameter and blood flow volume of related vessels or surgical approach.No significant differences existed in AVF maturation rate，ultrasonic maturation rate，time of maturation，time to first cannulation and postoperative reoperative rate.Flow volume of inflow arterial blood was significantly higher in non-calcified group at Week 6/12 post-operation.No significant differences existed in blood flow volume of cephalic vein or postoperative diameters of brachial artery and cephalic vein.Univariate Logistic regression analysis indicated that vascular calcification in inflow artery was an independent risk factor for low blood flow volume post-operation （OR2.314，95%CI：1.203~4.452，P=0.042）.Conclusion Inflow arterial calcification do not adversely affect the status of AVF maturation，but affect blood flow volume post-operation.It is an independent risk factor for low blood flow volume.