Abstract: Objective To explore the incidence and mortality of acute kidney injury (AKI) in neurology care unit (NCU) among cerebral hemorrhage patients, and to determine the risk factors of the incidence of AKI and the mortality of cerebral hemorrhage patients in NCU. Methods The clinical data of 354 cerebral hemorrhage patients in NCU from January 2015 to May 2016 at Zhongnan hospital of Wuhan University were collected retrospectively. Logistic regression was done to analyze the risk factors of the incidence of AKI and the mortality of cerebral hemorrhage patients in NCU, and then the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the predictive value of these risk factors. Results AKI accounted for 35.3% in NCU among cerebral hemorrhage patients. The incidence of AKI with AKI stage 1, 2, 3 among patients was 22.3%, 5.1% and 7.9% respectively. The total mortality of cerebral hemorrhage patients in NCU was 28.3%. The hospital mortality of non-AKI patients in the NCU was 7.0%, lower than 49.6% of AKI patients (P<0.01). The mortality of AKI with AKI stage 1, 2, 3 among patients was 39.2%, 55.6% and 75.0% respectively. Logistic regression suggested that hydragogue (OR=1.796), mechanical ventilation (OR=1.728), and APACHEⅡ scores (OR=1.153) were the independent risk factors of AKI. AKI (OR=5.452), anemia (OR=2.786), age (OR=1.025), and APACHEⅡ scores (OR=1.198) were the independent risk factors of mortality. For AKI and NCU mortality, APACHEⅡ scores had the good correctness of prediction. Conclusions AKI is a common complication among cerebral hemorrhage patients in NCU, and can significantly increase NCU mortality. We should take early detection for AKI seriously and make early prevention, which might be effective to decrease NCU hospital mortality.