Abstract: Acute kidney injury(AKI)is a common clinical complication with a complex etiology and a poor prognosis.Although significant advances have been achieved in renal supportive therapy,the prevalence and mortality of AKI remain consistently elevated.As a novel type of cell extensively examined in regenerative medicine,mesenchymal stem cell(MSC)has the unique characteristics of wide availability,self-renewal and immune regulation.Many studies have confirmed that MSC could improve renal injury through a variety of mechanisms in AKI model.This review summarized the latest researches on MSC in the treatment of AKI.