Abstract: Viral infections are prevalent in humans and cause varying degrees of kidney damage through multiple mechanisms.It is closely correlated with the prognosis of patients.For example,recent pandemic of new Coronavirus Disease 2019(COVID-19) may cause acute kidney injury(AKI) through cytokine inflammation storm.Other examples are hepatitis B/C virus and human immunodeficiency virus(HIV).Long-term infections are important causes of human chronic kidney disease(CKD).It is worth noting that each kidney disease associated with viral infection has its own unique clinical manifestations and pathological characteristics.Clinical treatments should be customized according to specific circumstances.This review focused upon etiology,pathology,clinical manifestations and treatments of common virus-related kidney damage.