Abstract: As a G protein coupled receptor, calcium sensitive receptor(CaSR) is widely distributed in parathyroid gland, kidney, bone, skin, digestive tract, immune cells, heart and other tissues. By sensing the blood level of free calcium and regulating the secretion of parathyroid hormone, it plays a key role in the maintenance of calcium homeostasis. Hypoxia can up-regulate the expression of CaSR in kidney. Longstanding chronic hypoxia is an important reason for the progression of renal disease and fibrosis. This review summarized the effects of hypoxia on CaSR and kidney and focused upon the relationship between CaSR and hypoxia-induced renal damage.