Abstract: The incidence of chronic kidney disease(CKD)in China has remained elevated and it shows an annually rising trend.However,no radical cure is not currently available.Exploring the risk factors of CKD is a research focus of nephrology.It is generally accepted that the change of intestinal flora was correlated with the development of CKD.And micro-ecological balance of gut might impact upon human health.However,owing to an impairment of intestinal function barrier and an alteration of intestinal flora,an accumulation of gut derived toxin gradually induced a continuous deterioration of CKD.This review was intended to describe the relativity between CKD and intestinal flora and explore the possibility of modulating intestinal flora as a new therapeutic target for CKD.