Abstract: The sensitivity of serum anti-M-type phospholipase A2 receptor antibodies(anti-PLA2R Abs)is 70%~80% in idiopathic membranous nephropathy and the specificity over 95%.This article reviewed the latest research advances on the pathogenesis,diagnosis,treatment and prognosis of PLA2R in membranous nephropathy(MN)and discussed some current controversies as well.The positivity of anti-PLA2R Abs was defined and whether or not positive anti-PLA2R Abs adequately excluded secondary membranous nephropathy.Also discussed were the issues of whether or not quantifying anti-PLA2R Abs predicted prognosis and determined the starting,timing and duration of immunosuppressive treatment.The relationship was examined between anti-PLA2R Abs titer and recurrent and de novo MN in transplanted kidney as well.The goal was to fully understand the significance of PLA2R in membranous nephropathy and guide clinical practices.