Abstract: Objective To explore the hemoglobin level and its related factors in patients on peritoneal dialysis(PD).Methods From May 1,2019 to September 30,2019,280 patients initiated PD and continued it for ≥ 3 months with complete follow-up data.The percentage of patients with Hb levels reaching the guideline target(Hb ≥ 110 g/L) and associated factors of Hb were analyzed. Results Mean Hb concentration was(106.08±20.42) g/L and the rate of target-attaining for hemoglobin 40.36%.The rate of targets for ferroprotein(200-500 μg/L),transferrin saturation(≥ 20%) were 76.78% and 38.95%.Compared with non target-hemoglobin group,target-hemoglobin group had significant statistical differences of dialytic duration,dose of recombinant human erythropoietin,subjective global assessment,serum phosphate,blood calcium,serum albumin,serum iron,ransferrin saturation,cholesterol level and residual renal function(P<0.05).Compared with high transport group,high average transport and low average transport groups had statistically different level of hemoglobin.Univariate logistic regression analysis revealed that duration of dialysis therapy >1 year,subjective global assessment,serum albumin<35 g/L,parathyroid hormone >300 ng/L,blood calcium >2.5 mmol/L,serum iron<10.6 μmol/L and transferrin saturation<20%.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that duration of dialysis therapy ≥ 5 years,serum albumin<35 g/L,intact parathyroid hormone >800 ng/L,serum iron<10.6 μmol/L and transferrin saturation<20% were independent risk factors of anemia in PD patients. Conclusion Advanced dialysis age,hypoalbuminemia,hyperparathyroidism and iron deficiency are independent influencing factors of hemoglobin level in PD patients.