Abstract: Objective To analyze the main factors affecting the brachial artery flow of lateral limb in dialysis patients underwent autologous arteriovenous fistula （AVF）. Methods Hemodialysis （HD） patients in the Blood Net Center of People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from July 2021 to October 2021 were selected as the study objects. Thirty-one patients with brachial artery flow of lateral limb <600 mL/min were selected as the observation group, and 116 patients with brachial artery flow of lateral limb ≥600 mL/min were selected as the control group. Relevant clinical data of patients underwent AVF were collected and analyzed. Results Univariate analysis showed a significantly older age （P<0.001）, and lower diastolic blood pressure （P=0.006） in the observation group than the control group. In the observation group, the peak systolic velocity （PSV） of the proximal anastomosis artery, the inflow diameter of the proximal artery （P=0.006）, the inner diameter of the anastomosis （P=0.020）, PSV of the proximal anastomosis artery （P=0.029）, pre-permeable blood urea nitrogen （P=0.002）, serum calcium （P=0.024） and creatinine （P=0.019） were significantly lower than those of the control group. Logistic regression analysis showed that PSV of proximal arterial inflow （OR=0.982, 95%CI：0.968-0.995, P=0.008）, and pretreatment blood urea nitrogen （OR=0.820, 95%CI：0.709-0.948, P=0.007） were the main factor affecting brachial artery flow of lateral limb in AVF. Conclusions PSV in the proximal arterial inflow tract, pre-transfusion blood urea nitrogen are the main factors affecting brachial artery flow of lateral limb, and analyzing the factors affecting brachial artery flow of lateral side in AVF can help to guide the medical staff in preventing and treating AVF malfunction.