Abstract: Kidney disease is one of the most common diseases and end-stage renal failure has seriously endangered human health. Therefore it is quite imperative to explore its pathogenesis and devise effective measures to delay the progress of kidney diseases. Proviral integration site 1 of murine leukemia virus (PIM1) is a serine/threonine kinase with diverse biological functions of regulating cell cycle, apoptosis, immune responses, inflammation and mitochondrial integrity. This review focused upon PIM1 and its mechanistic role in the development of kidney disease, providing rationales for a proper management of kidney diseases in clinical practices.