Abstract: As one of the most common invasive diagnostic methods, renal biopsy is essential for confirming a pathological diagnosis, guiding treatment and estimating prognosis in many kidney diseases. The indications of renal biopsy are often ambiguous or confusing between different specialists or units. The author proposed his own opinions on the indications of renal biopsy in children. And renal biopsy should proceed cautiously in the absence of a clear aid for clinical diagnosis and treatment. As an invasive diagnostic technique, renal biopsy may cause some physiological and psychological trauma to children.