Abstract: Anemia is a common complication of chronic kidney disease. Over the years, erythropoiesis stimulating agents and iron have become conventional treatment for renal anemia. However, assessment of iron status and timing of its application are still controversial. Clinical problem of iron overload can no longer be ignored. A newly emerging drug of hypoxia-inducible factor prolylhydroxylase inhibitor has proved promising in the prevention and treatment of iron overload.