Abstract: Objective To observe the effect of onset of metabolic syndrome (MS) on allograft function after living donor's kidney transplantation.Methods From August 1, 2012 to August 1, 2014, clinical data were retrospectively analyzed for 120 recipients of living related renal transplantation.Statistical analysis of serum creatine in MS and non-MS groups was conducted by SPSS 16.0 software at Month 3/6, Year 1/3/5 post-transplantation.And t-test was utilized for comparing two groups.Logistic regression was applied for risk factor analysis of MS and P<0.05 was deemed as significant.Results No significant inter-group difference existed in serum creatine at Month 3 post-transplantation.The mean value and standard deviation were (110.5±27.4) and (109.1±34.0) respectively (P>0.05).At Month 6 post-transplantation, the mean value and standard deviation were (119.2±32.7) and (107.4± 24.9) respectively (P>0.05).Significant inter-group difference existed in serum creatine at Year 1 posttransplantation.The mean value and standard deviation were (133.6±39.6) and (106.2±19.2) respectively (P<0.05).At Year 3 post-transplantation, the mean value and standard deviation were (230.8± 221.6) and (110.6±23.8) respectively (P<0.01).At Year 5 post-transplantation, the mean value and standard deviation were (266.2±103.1) and (113.6±26.4) respectively (P<0.01).Logistic regression revealed that the risk factors of MS were hyperuricemia, high triglyceride and low high density lipoprotein cholesterol.Conclusion MS is an important health problem in the recipients of kidney transplantation.It is imperative to develop targeted health education and intensify health management.