Abstract: Objective Acute kidney injury(AKI) is a common complication after liver transplantation(LT),which affects the short-term and long-term prognosis of liver transplant patients.The occurrence of postoperative AKI after LT is multifactorial,and lacks uniformity and wide variation of AKI definitions.Traditional indicators to assess renal function have limitations under end-stage liver disease(ESLD) conditions,so novel biomarkers need to be combined.Various pharmacological and non-pharmacological measures have been studied to prevent and treat AKI after liver transplantation,but its effectiveness still needs to be confirmed by further studies.This review will discuss the diagnosis and risk factors of AKI after liver transplantation,summarize the existing effective prevention and treatment strategies to meet the challenge of this difficult problem.