Abstract: Objective To compare the changes of lymphocyte subgroup percentages,mineral and bone metabolism levels and microinflammation status in maintenance hemodialysis(MHD)patients with and without hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection,and to observe the correlation between lymphocyte subgroup changes and chronic kidney disease and mineral and bone disorder(CKD-MBD)in patients with HBV infection. Methods A total of 62 patients with end-stage renal disease who had been treated with MHD for more than 3 months were divided into two groups:HD group(33 cases)and HBV-HD group(29 cases).The percentage of lymphocyte subgroups was detected by monoclonal antibody flow cytometry,the level of parathyroid hormone(PTH)was detected by radioisotope method,and microinflammatory factors were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results In routine blood examination,16.13%(10/62)patients were observed to show a decrease in white blood cell count with an increase in 5 cases,53.23%(33/62)patients had a decrease in lymphocyte percentage with an increase in 3 cases.Compared with the HD group,the percentage and absolute value of lymphocyte in the HBV-HD group were significantly decreased(P<0.05),and the percentage of T lymphocyte was significantly increased(P<0.05).The percentage of Th cells,and CD4⁺/CD8⁺ratio decreased(P<0.05),the percentage of Treg cells increased(P<0.01),and the change of Ts cells had no significant difference(P>0.05).Compared with the HD group,the percentage of B lymphocytes in the HBV-HD group had no significant difference(P>0.05),and the percentage of NK lymphocytes decreased significantly(P<0.05).Compared with the HD group,the level of PTH and calcium-phosphorus product increased in the HBV-HD group(P<0.05),the levels of C-reactive protein,TNF-α and IL-6 increased(P<0.05),while the levels of serum Ca,P,beta-2 microglobulin and bone alkaline phosphatase had no significant difference(P>0.05).The correlation analysis showed that there was a negative correlation between Th cell percentage,CD4⁺/CD8⁺ ratio,NK lymphocyte percentage and the level of PTH and calcium-phosphorus product in the two groups. Conclusions In MHD patients,the number of lymphocyte subgroups decreases to different degrees,and the numbers of T lymphocyte and NK lymphocyte subgroups decrease to a greater extent after HBV infection.CKD-MBD is more likely to occur in patients with HBV infection.CKD-MBD may be involved in the suppression of immune function of T lymphocytes.Since immune deficiency can induce and aggravate infection,the microinflammation of MHD patients infected with HBV may be more serious.