Abstract: Objective To explore the relationship between xanthine oxidoreductase(XOR)activity and kidney injury in patients with chronic kidney disease(CKD). Methods A total of 105 patients with CKD were selected as the research objects in this study.We measured plasma XOR and xanthine oxidase(XO)activities,and calculated the ratio of XO/XOR.Those patients' clinical data were collected,including sex,age,diastolic blood pressure(DBP),fasting blood glucose(FBG),triglyceride(TG),estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR),serum potassium,serum calcium,serum phosphorus,and blood chlorine.We used correlation analysis to analyze the relationship between the XOR,XO,XO/XOR ratio and clinical data of CKD patients.Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors of XOR,XO,XO/XOR ratio. Results Plasma XOR activity was positively correlated with eGFR,DBP,FBG,GGT,and negatively correlated with age,Cl^-(P<0.05).Plasma XO activity was positively related to FBG,GGT,TBil,TG,and negatively correlated with Cl^-(P<0.05).XO/XOR ratio was positively correlated with age,BUN,and negatively correlated with eGFR(P<0.05).Multiple linear regression analysis showed that eGFR,FBG and DBP were independent factors significantly associated with XOR(P<0.05),FBG and GGT were independent influencing factors of plasma XO activity(P<0.05),and eGFR was independent Influencing factors of plasma XO/XOR ratio(P<0.05). Conclusions Controlling the levels of FBG and DBP in CKD patients is beneficial to reduce the plasma XOR activity in CKD patients.So,developing a new drug to inhibit XOR activity without affecting UA production may provide a new therapy to delay the CKD progression.