Abstract: Objective To investigate the incidence of anemia in patients with polycystic kidney disease (PKD) and its risk factors. Methods Clinical data of 161 PKD patients visiting in Department of Nephrology of Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from September 2017 to October 2019 were collected, the prevalence of anemia in PKD patients was investigated, and the risk factors of anemia were statistically analyzed. Results The incidence rate of anemia in 161 PKD patients was 70.81%. In different age groups, the anaemia rates of patients at the ages below 30, between 30~50, between 50~70 and above 70 were 40.00%, 53.62%, 86.42% and 83.33%,respectively. The anaemia rates of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 1~5 were 20.00%, 57.14%, 49.06%, 86.49% and 97.87%,respectively (P<0.01). The anemic rates of dialysis group and non-dialysis group at CKD5 stage were 93.75% and 100.00% respectively. Univariate analysis showed that age, CKD stage and dialysis were correlated with the incidence of anemia, while multivariate Logistic regression analysis indicated that only CKD stage was significantly correlated with the incidence of anemia (P<0.001).Conclusions Anemia in patients with PKD is aggravated with the progression of renal function damage. Therefore, enhanced intervention and timely treatment should be performed at the early stage of CKD.