Abstract: Objective To explore the influencing factors of ultrasonic interventional sclerotherapy in patients with renal cysts. Methods Retrospective analysis was performed for clinical data of 120 patients with renal cysts treated by ultrasonic intervention sclerotherapy received in our hospital from October 2014 to January 2018. According to the treatment effectiveness, they were divided into effective group and ineffective group. Mono-variate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify the factors influencing the efficacy of ultrasound interventional sclerotherapy in patients with renal cysts. Results There were no significant differences in the constituent ratios in terms of gender, age, affected side, single/polycystic kidney disease, absolute ethanol leakage and the patients with single-treatment of different numbers of cysts between the effective group and the ineffective group (P>0.05). Compared with those in the effective group, the constituent ratios of cyst diameter higher than 10 cm, incomplete cystic fluid aspiration, single flush, absolute ethanol dose less than or equal to 60 mL, no retention of absolute ethanol, and puncture needle prolapse in the ineffective group were significantly increased (P<0.05), which were confirmed to be the independent risk factors for the ineffective ultrasonic interventional sclerotherapy in patients with renal cysts by the logistic regression analysis (P<0.05). Conclusions Cyst diameter higher than 10 cm, incomplete cystic fluid aspiration, single flush, absolute ethanol dose less than or equal to 60 mL, no retention of absolute ethanol, puncture needle prolapse are risk factors for ineffective ultrasonic intervention sclerotherapy in patients with renal cysts. More clinical attention should be paid to them, and targeted preventive measures should be taken to improve the treatment effectiveness.