Abstract: Objective To investigate the genetic association of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) gene polymorphism with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in the Han nationality population in Shanxi province. Methods A total of 214 type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with a disease course of over 5 years, hospitalized in YulinTraditional Chinese Medicine Hospital from January 2016 to January 2018,were recruited in this study as the T2DM group. According to whether complicated with DKD, they were divided into the DKD group and non-DKD group. The serum level of FGF-23 was measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and genotype was determined by polymerase chain reaction-directsequencing for the polymorphism of the FGF-23 gene loci rs7955866, rs13312756, rs3812822. Results The levels of serum FGF-23 of patients in the DKD group and non-DKD group were higher than that in the control group, and that in the DKD group was higher than that in the non-DKD group (all P<0.01). The genotype and allele frequencies at the loci rs7955866, rs13312756 and rs3812822 did not differ between the T2DM group and control group (all P>0.05). There were significantly difference of the genotype and allele frequencies of FGF-23 gene rs7955866 between the DKD group and non-DKD group (all P<0.01). However, the genotype and allele frequencies at the loci rs13312756 and rs3812822 did not differ between the DKD group and non-DKD group (all P>0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that carrying rs7955866 A allele was a risk factorfor DKD in T2DM patients (OR=1.706, 95%CI 1.146~2.540, P=0.007). Conclusions Polymorphism of FGF-23 gene may be correlated with DKD in the Han nationality population in Shanxi province.