Abstract: This article stated that, vascular calcification might be the main cause for incidence and mortality of cardiovascular events in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients; through bone mineral metabolism disorder and inflammation, vascular calcification was promoted in CKD patients to increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases; and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) and Klotho could affect the level of blood phosphorus in CKD patients. By reviewing their effects on intestinal absorption, bone mobilization and renal metabolism, their effect on vascular calcification in CKD patients was analyzed. The author pointed out the possibility that FGF23 and Klotho might be the biomarkers for progression of vascular calcification. Finally, it was concluded that they might be new targets for early diagnosis of renal insufficiency and chronic complications, so as to improve their clinical practicality and economic benefits.