Abstract: Objective To investigate the effect of Baoshenkang formula on residual renal function (RRF) in maintenance hemodialysis patients with end-stage renal diseases. Methods Eighty patients with end-stage renal disease admitted from December 2016 to December 2017 in The Second People's Hospital of Dongying were selected as the research object, and randomly divided into control group and observation group with 40 cases in each group. All patients underwent maintenance hemodialysis, and were recommended to take low-sodium, low-phosphorus and protein-rich food during treatment. After completion of hemodialysis, erythropoietin and levocarnitine were used for treatment, and the observation group also received Baoshenkang formula treatment on the basis of the above medications. Before treatment and 3 months after treatment, routine blood indexes, biochemical blood indexes, residual renal function indexes and nutritional status were observed. The levels of serum hypersensitivity C reaction protein (hs-CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) before and after treatment were compared for the two groups. Results The levels of hemoglobin and red blood cell in both groups were significantly higher than those before treatment(P<0.05), with more significant increase for the observation group (P<0.05). After treatment, 24h urine output and RRF in both groups were significantly lower than those before treatment, and the decrease was more significant decrease for the control group than for the observation group, with difference of statistical significance(P<0.05). After treatment, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatine (Scr) in the control group were significantly higher than those before treatment (P<0.05), while BUN and Scr in the observation group had no significant changes (P>0.05). After treatment, the levels of hs-CRP, TNF-α and IL-6 in the observation group were significantly lower than those before treatment (P<0.05), but those in the control group had no obvious changes (P>0.05). After treatment, subjective global nutrition assessment scale scores and albumin in the observation group were significantly higher than those before treatment, with more significant increase than the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, there was no significant difference in blood glucose, phosphorus, potassium and calcium in the both groups compared with those before treatment (P>0.05).Conclusions Baoshenkang formula can effectively protect the residual renal function and improve the nutritional status in maintenance hemodialysis patients with end-stage renal diseases. The mechanism may be related to improvement of the micro-inflammatory status of dialysis patients.