Abstract: Objective To explore the mechanism of prevention of salidroside pre-treatment against ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats after kidney transplantation.Methods The allogeneic kidney transplantation model inbred male SD (Sprague Dawley,SD) rats was established.All of rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (24 one in each group):sham-operation group,salidroside pretreatment group and ischemia-reperfusion transplantation model group.Effects of salidroside pre-treatment on the levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN),serum creatinine (SCr),superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) during ischemia-reperfusion in the transplanted kidney were observed in the rats.The transplanted kidney tissue was taken to conduct HE staining,and then pathological changes in the kidney tissue were observed under an optical microscope.Content of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected with the fluorescent probe DCFH-DA.Immunohistochemical staining and immunoradiometric assay method were adopted to detect the number of nuclear transcription factor κB (NF-κB) positive cells and expression of tumor necrosis factor -α (TNF-α),interleukin 1(IL-1) and interleukin 6(IL-6) in the kidney tissue.Results After operation,BUN,SCr and MDA in the rats in the salidroside pretreatment group increased slightly;and,compared to the sham-operation group there was no statistical difference (P>0.05),compared to the model group there was statistical difference (P<0.01).SOD values in the salidroside pretreatment group were increased most significantly at 24 h after operation;and,compared to the sham-operation group there was statistical difference (P<0.05),and compared to the model group there was statistical difference (P<0.05).Content of ROS in the salidroside pretreatment group increased after operation;and,compared to the sham-operation group there was statistical difference (P<0.05).But the increase was not as significant as that in the model group,and there was statistical difference between the two groups (P<0.01).Renal pathology in the salidroside pretreatment group showed less injury,and compared to the model group there was statistical difference (P<0.05).Number of NF-κB positive cell in the salidroside pretreatment group showed slight increase and significant increase in the model group,and there was statistical difference between the two groups (P<0.01).Contents of TNF-a,IL-1 and IL-6 in the homogenate of kidney tissues had not any significant changes at each time period in both the sham-operation group and the salidroside pretreatment group,with no statistical difference between the two groups salidroside pretreatment group;while in the model group the contents increased significantly,with statistical significance of difference compared to the other two groups.Conclusions Salidroside injection pretreatment can prevent and protect against ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats after kidney transplantation by inhibiting oxidative stress reactions and inflammatory cascade reactions.