Abstract: In China, the number of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) has become an important public health problem, and it has become a chronic disease that threatens human health in addition to the four major chronic diseases of hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease and stroke. Since the late twentieth century, with the acceleration of aging, the incidence of CKD is also increasing. The end points of CKD are all-cause death, cardiovascular events (CVD), acute kidney injury (AKI), rapid renal function decline (RKFD), and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Therefore, the assessment of the prognosis of CKD and the analysis of risk factors are particularly important for the early detection, intervention and management in CKD patients, and the avoidance of missed diagnosis and excessive diagnosis. This article focuses on the risk factors in CKD patients with different prognosis and the risk assessment of cystatin C in the prognosis.