Abstract: Objective To investigate the dropout-associated reasons in patients with peritoneal dialysis (PD) and to search for the countermeasures. Methods A total of 67 patients dropped out from PD between January 2011 and December 2016 in our peritoneal dialysis center. The reasons of dropout were retrospectively analyzed. The clinical data and laboratory tests between the death group and the non-death group were compared.Results The main reason of dropout was the conversion to hemodialysis (32 cases, 47.8%), followed by death (26 cases, 38.8%), kidney transplantation (9 cases, 13.4%). Technical failure (37.5%), inadequate dialysis (34.4%) and peritonitis (12.5%) were common causes of conversion to hemodialysis. Cardiovascular disease (34.6%), cerebrovascular disease (30.8%) and infection (11.5%) were common causes of mortality. The proportion of women in the death group was significantly higher than that of non-death group (57.7% vs. 26.8%, P<0.05). The mean age of the patients in the death group was significantly greater than that in the non-death group (56.8±16.2 vs. 37.7±12.6, P<0.01). The proportion of patients with diabetes mellitus was significantly higher than that in the non-death group (26.9% vs. 7.3%, P<0.05). The Kt/V of the patients in the death group was significantly lower than that in the non-death group (1.6±0.2 vs. 1.8±0.3, P<0.01). Logistic regression showed that age (OR 1.110, P<0.01) and lower Kt/V (OR 0.006, P<0.05) were the risk factors for survival in PD patients. Conclusions The main causes of dropout were the conversion to hemodialysis and death. The most common causes of hemodialysis were the failure of technology and inadequate dialysis. Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases were the first causes of death of patients. The risk of death in patients with PD was high among older patients and those with lower Kt/V.